![]() In France, a series of meetings taking place in 2000 under the title "Copyleft Attitude" gave birth to the Free Art License (FAL), theoretically valid in any jurisdiction bound by the Berne Convention and recommended by Stallman's own Free Software Foundation. Richard Stallman stated that the use of "Copyleft" comes from Don Hopkins, who mailed him a letter in 1984 or 1985, on which was written: "Copyleft – all rights reversed", which is a pun on the common copyright disclaimer. The new license was not at this time given the copyleft label. This original GPL did not grant rights to the public at large, only those who had already received the program but it was the best that could be done under existing law. For the first time, a copyright holder had taken steps to ensure that the maximal number of rights be perpetually transferred to a program's users, no matter what subsequent revisions anyone made to the original program. This later evolved into the GNU General Public License, which is now one of the most popular free-software licenses. Īs Stallman deemed it impractical in the short term to eliminate current copyright law and the wrongs he perceived it to perpetuate, he decided to work within the framework of existing law in 1985, he created his own copyright license, the Emacs General Public License, the first copyleft license. The software can be used multiple times without ever being damaged or worn out. He justified software sharing, protesting that when sharing, the software online can be copied without the loss of the original piece of work. This was not the first time Stallman had dealt with proprietary software, but he deemed this interaction a "turning point". Stallman then, in 1984, proceeded to work towards eradicating this emerging behavior and culture of proprietary software, which he named software hoarding. Symbolics extended and improved the Lisp interpreter, but when Stallman wanted access to the improvements that Symbolics had made to his interpreter, Symbolics refused. Symbolics asked to use the Lisp interpreter, and Stallman agreed to supply them with a public domain version of his work. Stallman's motivation was that a few years earlier he had worked on a Lisp interpreter. ![]() I want to make sure that all versions of GNU remain free. That is to say, proprietary modifications will not be allowed. Everyone will be permitted to modify and redistribute GNU, but no distributor will be allowed to restrict its further redistribution. The concept of copyleft was described in Richard Stallman's GNU Manifesto in 1985, where he wrote: Notable copyleft licenses include the GNU General Public License (GPL), originally written by Richard Stallman, which was the first software copyleft license to see extensive use, the Mozilla Public License, the Free Art License, and the Creative Commons share-alike license condition, with the last two being intended for other types of works, such as documents and pictures, both academic or artistic in nature. Copyleft help ensuring everyone's rights to freely use the product but is prohibited from owning, registering copyright and earning royalties from copyright. This information is most commonly in the form of source code files, which usually contain a copy of the license terms and acknowledge the authors of the code. Ĭopyleft software licenses are considered protective or reciprocal in contrast with permissive free software licenses, and require that information necessary for reproducing and modifying the work must be made available to recipients of the software program, which are often distributed as executables. Licenses which implement copyleft can be used to maintain copyright conditions for works ranging from computer software, to documents, art, scientific discoveries and even certain patents. ![]() In this sense, freedoms refers to the use of the work for any purpose, and the ability to modify, copy, share, and redistribute the work, with or without a fee. ![]() Copyleft is the legal technique of granting certain freedoms over copies of copyrighted works with the requirement that the same rights be preserved in derivative works. ![]()
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